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Optimizing Hybrid Energy Storage in EVs using AI Enhanced Fuzzy Logic Control Systems

Abstract

The transportation sector remains a major contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions, necessitating the development of advanced strategies that reduce environmental impact. Although Electric Vehicles (EVs) offer a cleaner alternative, widespread adoption is constrained by range limitations and insufficient charging infrastructure. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Hybrid Energy Storage System Electric Vehicles (HESS EVs) present practical and cost-effective transitional solutions; however, optimizing their energy management and power distribution architecture continues to be a significant challenge. Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) have gained substantial recognition as Energy Management Strategies (EMS) due to their adaptability, simplicity, and suitability for real time operation. This research provides a comprehensive evaluation of FLC based EMS for HEVs and HESS EVs, examining their strengths, limitations, and emerging applications. Advanced hybrid methodologies integrating machine learning models, reinforcement learning, intelligent regulator systems, and the proposed IR AI decision making framework are explored to address nonlinear system behavior, fluctuating energy demands, and multi-source coordination. A comparative analysis between FLC based EMS and alternative strategies, including rule based and predictive control approaches, highlights the superior potential of intelligent hybrid controllers in improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. The findings aim to equip researchers and practitioners with critical insights that support the evolution of next generation EMS technologies, enabling sustainable and energy efficient transportation systems

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